Form tool planer



July 26, 1949, J. MARTIN FORM TOOL PLANER 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 12, 1945 IN VEN TOR.

BYJk wes Md/Zi/Z M 2% ,fizIM J. MARTIN FORM TOOL PLANER July 26, 1949.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 12, 1945 INVENTOR.

742/765 )farz z zz.

EJE... BY I I July 26, 1949.

Filed July 12, 1945 J. MARTIN FORM TOOL PLANER 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 iii //I/////la e' INVENTOR. 722/2765 )fa/ZZK. BY

July 26, 1949. J. MARTIN 2,477,490

FORM TOOL PLANER Filed July 12, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I N V EN TOR. Jinn: fi/k/Zim l w This invention relates ing, machines.1 More particularly, it relates to a s metalplaning machine primarily designed and intended for, production of form tools or similar garticles of manufacture.

, In past practice, form tools have been produced by grinding or, firstroughing on a shaper H and then applying a finish grind to obtain a Patented July 26 1949 FORM TOOL PLANER' James Martin, Ferndale, Michg assignor to Mich igan Tool Company, Detroit, Mich a cor po ration of Delaware Application July 12, 1945, semisaiaiem (cl. 90-559 2 (Habits. 1

generally to metal planpolished cutting surface. For form tools of relatively simplecontour, this has been sufficient However, as industryexpands, manufacturers of fform tools are increasingly called upon to pro- ,duce form tools of intricate contour which often cannot be producedby the above methods, or

i only with great difiiculty and great expense as to provide a novelandimproved construction for mounting the workpiece in order, first, to rigidly lock it duringthe cutting stroke and, second, to unlock it and permit its retraction during the return stroke; In this connection, the present invention contemplates the provision of novel means which not only insure that the workpiece is positivelylocked during the cutting stroke, but insure ,that after it has beenunlocked and retracted it will be returned with great precision to the position it previouslyoccupied when relocked fcr the nextcutting stroke.

Still further, ;the present 1 invention contemplates apparatusforproducing these desirable reall "cutting surfaces of a form tool must be highly polishedso as to be free of all defects.

When, because of the peculiar angles at which the surfaces of the formtool are disposed, it becomes extremely difiicult or impossible to produce them as described before, other methods involving great cost and loss of time must be It is an objectof my invention to provide a novel and improved planingmachine to eliminate this difiiculty byproviding a wide range of adjustments between the cutting tool and workpiece iorproducing surfaces on the workpiece at whatever angle they may be disposed, and also providing for extremely slow reciprocation of the workpiece relative to the cutting tool on the finishing strokes, making possible the production of form tools having finely finished surfaces, re-

gardless of the vagaries of shaping, and which i need only be hardened to be used in the manusults which will be substantially automaticin operationpandt will inno: wise depend upon the ability or skill I of the operator.

zAnotherobject of the invention consists in novel and improved means for mounting the cutting tool, which includes not only means for anchoring the cutting tool in predeterminedangular position with respectto the line of reciprocation of the workpiece,'but also includes feed mechanism for accurately feeding the cutting tool toward the workpiece as thecutting operation pro- In addition, thepresent invention contemplates means for *varying the speed of reciprocation 01' the workpiece in one direction for a cutting stroke, while maintaining reciprocation in an opposite direction for areturn stroke always at the facture of products requiring a high degree of excellency.

It is ;a further object of the invention toprovide a machine of this general character in which the mountingof the tool relative to the workpiece may be adjusted and controlled with a high degree ofaccuracy. In order to accomplish this result, the present invention contemplates a machine in which automatic hydraulically controlled ,means are provided for positively and rigidly locking boththe tool holder and workpiece holder during the cutting stroke. The present invention also contemplatesthe, provision of manually controlled means ;for unlocking the tool holder so @that the operator may apply minute adjustments to the cutting tool while reciprocating the workpiece very slowly on the finishing strokes, thereby securing an extremely fine finish on the form tool being made. i c i i it ti r he i c of t P n inven on maximum speed of reciprocation. In the usual type planing machine, a speed adjustment forreset forth. 15

cipro'cation inpne direction results in reciprofcation at a similar speed in an opposite direction with consequent loss of operating time.

, Thus, it is apparent that "a planing machine emjbodying this loss.

myinvention will substantially reduce Other objects of the invention will become apparent fromthe foliowingspeclflcation. the drawingsrelating thereto, and the claims hereinafter In the drawings, in whichlike numerals are used to designate likevi'ews throughout:

Figure lisa frontelevation of a planing ma- ,embodying the principles of my inven- Figure 2 in side elevational view of the maflchine shownin, Figure 1. l l

Figure 3 is asectional view taken on the line Iii- 3 oi Figural, showing the workpiece rigidly and positively-lockediin position for the cutting 3 Figure 4 is a partly sectioned plan view showing the cutting tool secured by the tool holder and means for locking the same in vertical adjustment. V

Figure is a diagrammatic sketch of an automatic hydraulic system for use with a machine embodying the principles of my invention. According to the present invention, "a construction is'provided in which a cuttingtool is' retained.

spect to a workpiece. Means are provided for automatically locking the""' ting tool"-in*-verti cal adjustment on the cuttingstroke"andreleasing it on a return stroke for manual feeding.

The workpiece is mounted' orr-acar riage: capable of being reciprocated horizontally so as to bring the workpiece into cutting engagement'with the cutting tool. As the workpiece is reciprocated 2o in onedirection tovi ard the buttirig t(iol it i's rotatably raised 'a' d locked in po'sition for-engage- =-ment with -the cutti-ngk tool Riecipr ocation in an opposite di're'ction causs -t Y orkpi'ece to -be unlocked and iotatably lowere out or err agement {i with the cutting tool -arid thus remain free of inj'ury which migh -oecur -should the-workpiece contact the 'cuttirig tool on a r r'eturnstroke; i This cycle is automatically repeated until the planing operatior'r is complete. l

Fora more S detaiIed deS'criptiofi ofthe 'i'nvention, reference m'ay behad'=to th accompanying I drawings in 'which ase is' generally: indicated "at L: Such base l a's' at' aniupper 'part hori- *zontal; -rn'achiried surface 2- and slideways 3 and s 4;- upon which ihor izontally adjustable-.atool-i"carriage 5 is slidablyi'mounted'; :Neari one 'side t-of 1 the tool carriage '5; and on: itslrear -face 6; bear- 1 Eingnut I :is' positioned-by a pluralit-y of bolt means vof screw 9, having'no thread thereon, is mounted 1 in suitable: bearing l0 rmounted; onebase 1 I .w-i At the extreme; outer; i end ,-oi-; screw 9; gadjacent to hearing I 0-; handwheell-I'- with :hubfl 2 -is :keyed ether-etc} ltwilla -thusabe evidentthat by ;-turning handwheel' If the screw 9 is correspondingly -;turned-- to movetool marriage; 5 horizontally a definite amount measured--: bye thepfinely divided graduations throughout the '360' alegrees oi suriaceofhub ll ,1 p Belowbearingfn t -l-,-.-hqrizontal opening I a-exe n t u h 9 ca a e m in wi h 1-51 "[4 in slidewayfi. A lfi bolt l-5=with head l6 slidably engaged in T-slot l4spasses through opening 13;} Roundiheadgnut'll I, -,.having. arm [8; thread-' ab y engage's T-bolt l5 solthat rotation-of arm l8 tightens headfrlfi of T boltllii -inifl slotfl l, causing :face lSiof "IT to bearzupon face of r061 carriages to rock it in norizontai' mcement when. desired. Y

i -Onl'face 20 of toofl carri'ageli are"'raised,.ver-

24. 'Appended to the rear of tool slidei'zfat its '8 to threadably engage arscrew: 9.- "The outer-end. m

4' 4 throughout the 360 degrees of surface 01' the hub 29.

At one side of tool slide 24 and extending therefrom are ears and 3| having holes drilled 5 therein. Positioned between said ears, clamp arm 32 is hinged by means of hinge pin 33 which extends through the drilled holes in ears 3!) and stand the drilled hole in said clamp arm 32. ""The rear 'faceof toolsl'ide 24 opposite ears 30 10 and 3| is provided with a horizontal opening 34 through which pin 35 passes, contacting at its souteriend clamp arm 32 and at its inner end gib member 36. Appended to tool slide 24 adjacent 'id'blampariri uis hydraulic cylinder 31 con- "tairiingflpistonf'fl with piston rod 39 positioned sueh spaeea relationship with clamp arm 32 lasi-to oon'tactthe same as fluid enters chamber 40 and overcomes the resistance of retracting ""sprir'f'g 'm. Thus, it is apparent that as piston rod 39 contacts clamp arm 32, such clamp arm -'-32 imm'edi'ate1y contacts pin :35 which --in'l turn presses upon gib member-l 36"locki-ng 'too1 slide 24 l iri fixed Verticaladjustment; andi-aiso preventing 25 force transmitted by pistonrod 39 is distributed between hinge'pin 33- and pir'r'f-35j= rigidly supporting tool? slide 2'4 in a sid direction for -resi'sting s'ide"'pressure from abutting-"tool *afs'fit en 'gagem'en't with Ts-slot's 41a'nd'48.

Projecting outwardly -from,tool swivel Mi ls a rib generally indicatedat 49; having lowen-ma- -chined-surfacer50 tog whichtoolholder 51- is; secured ;by. gbolt means- 52.,gThe -iorward -;facei ;-53 of toolholden 5 l .is milled angu1arly to=the=line of --recipnocation I of a workpiece, ands-provides. a: re- 'icess 54 alsocirnilleclyangularlyto; theaili'ne; of re- .oiprocation -ofi-theworkpiece: Gap id -secured 5,4, and-provides a plurality ofi screvssfmeans il 4forsecuring cuttingtool 58. t V

It.is'evident v 'fromi the foregoin'g riescriptlon wthat inasmuch-as :tool swivels:is arcuatelyiadjustable 'in tool lslidd l and r eeess 5' t of toolholde'n 5 l is i angularl5 "(lispo'sed' td th Iirie-oflreciprocation of the workpiece, arcuato' 'angmar adjustmentis'provided foridutting toolifia; The s-valueof such adj u'stment wimbe readily apparmea,ns1- generai1y satisfactory?toprovidsiich justment on the us'ua plamn "acliine."

Iv chinedi s'urfajcs 59 aria eu ana slidewaiws I iip'on ai' wh-ich workcarr g'- M is mo ited tti-be'lidably recipro'cate'd liorizoi itttlly. istori -ro'd SQ-With piston?"5 5 'fiired theretd securedtd use l by bolt meanss 5- at a below an-d eentrarto *ivork carriag As fluid is admitted alternately tofi oppos'it sides aorizeiittlly and with it' wiirk nrtuetrthecontacts-srands8 The upper surface bf 'workcar ionta'l cliiried surfaces La d 'l l ar'id lide way -12 fou -which a slidabld locking wedge 3' s moufitedl Arm M of} worn-carriages 2 =fiked1yiecures piston rod in bearing Wo hy" means o pin WE Piston ill at-th oppcsite'end bfpiston rod T5 is enclosed-by hydraulic' cyl'inde mined the body f slidable locking wedge Thus/ I i'clablei-lockirig wedg 'fly' whilebeing r :iproc e'd with work carriage fl pendent reciprocation imparted t .s admitted to alternate sides ofipis stop 88% plovid'ed to limitthe in'deperiderit recip creme-exhausted f! "chamber ."ocation';ofislidable'locking wedge fi; l H13 and thus ontrol tlie speed'with wl iich work At aiiof r-l ork carriage fizfi op posite tha't carriage 52 o propelled on it's cutti g .ok

If armri l, bearing ai extends upwardly front th' For the return stroke; ydrau 1(Pfii'lld undermes I v ;urface2ithereof to 1 supportshaft 82 upon which vork supporti-ng wedge generally indicated at' 8 line F09"througl f chck valve l1'2; which permits s rotatably m'ountedon shaft 823 Therefore'yr flow one direction-only, line H85 and pasziproca onbf 'work carriage 552 re'sults'dn recip sageviay til l into' 'chamber"I03. "Fluid from ."ocationi work supporting' wedgew, as bearing n chamber H32, n o longer uiider*presslire; is eX- 3! is partioi work'carriage 62H hauste'd by way of passage lr'li' ahd line 188 to As ,work ca'rriage isreciprocated"in one di i j *four-way'va lve eil'for r'eturn b y' way (vi -line Ho'to notiona -carrying slidable lockirig-wedgefi "and 1 reservo'ir l l l. It is seen 'tlfere'"isno restriction' york-supporting wedge with itj the independ 1i to the flow when hydraulic fluid-"is exhausted ant reciprocation of slidable lockingwedge 13a from chamber iw; consequently=thespeediof"car i aropelsi's'a'id 'wedge in a similar direction toward riage ori' a return strolfe 'is always "at' the maxi work supporting wedge In so doing, t l fi p l l U ilanting surface 84 oi slidab1e locking wedge l3, Concurrently with delivery of filiid'to-recipro which is always contactin work Supporting q cate work -carriage M ier a cuttingstrokejhy 51 vedgegiifsli'des along work supporting wedge 83 draulio fliiid from-"the other ofthe pump'sdndiguiding that member into V-aperture 85to rigidly catedat 95- is delivered through pressureline H3 and positively lock it tllerein and so doing causes to' pilot 'operated' four-vlfaywalve 414'. Valve-H4 vork suporting wedge 33 to be-rotatably raisedw directs it to line H5 and by way ofhydrauliciin'e it should be noted that the extreme end of work H5, fluid is delivered simultaneously to;branch iuppor tirig wedge 83 is radially-relieved at 8t to r lines H6 and H1. From the branch line H6, Y preveiit binding when in contact with Y aperture fluid is 'delivered to-chamber l-l8 of movable hyi5. Whenwork carriage it: is reciprocated man draulic-cylinder--19.- Upon entry of pressurized on, slidable locking wedge E is-7g r fluid into chamber M8; slidable lockingwedge-l3 dently reeiproeated, disengagin is caused toreciprocate as movable cylinder-leis 35 from work supporting wedge 83 in A contained in the -body of said lockingwedge. Re- 1n o la W pp g Wcdgoc r41 ciprocatior-rof slidabl-e-lockingwedge13;of course; itis rotatabl'ylowered. 15 caiiseswqrk supporting wedge-B3:to be -rotated=up- WOIKiiiBEVhOMcY pport 81 is adiustabli' wardly for locking and places workpiece 92 in nounted on work wedge 83 by a plurality of ol position for the cutting stroke. It is obvious that means 58. Su ppor 81 ri s workpiece chamber H8is chosen in order to reciprocate slido del" 38 secured to it y 1001i means 9 The able locking wedge 13 in the same direction as rear face 9! of workpiece holder 89 is milled anthat travelled by work carriage 62. At the same gularly to the line of reciprocation of workpiece tim and on a, cutting stroke, fluid from branch i2, and provides a recess 93 also milled an ularly I I1 is directed through control valve H9 and line o he lin f ipr i of workpiece 9 n I20 to chamber at of hydraulic cylinder 31 caus- 34, secured by bolt means (not shown), covers ing piston 38 to overcome retracting spring 4| recess 93, and provides a plurality of screws (not and permit piston rod 39 to engage clamp arm 32, iho n) fo securing piece 92. (It is pointed locking the cutting tool 58 in vertical adjustment. )ut that the n l r disposi i n of workpiece 92 As fluid enters chamber H8, fluid in chamber |2l d cutting B001 8 With respect to the line of is exhausted by line I22 to valve H4 and directed reciprocation of workpiece 92 are equal.) It is to line I23 for return to reservoir H I. For a re- ;een then that when work supporting wedge 83 0 turn reciprocation, fluid under pressure is dis rotatably raised and locked into position, workrected by four-way valve H4 into line I22 to piece 92 is thereby raised and locked in position chamber l2l causing cylinder 19 and hence slid- ;o engage cutting tool 58 and, as work supportable locking wedge I3 to be retracted. Fluid in ng wedge 83 is unlocked and rotatably lowered, chamber H8, no longer pressurized, returns workpiece 92 rotates downwardly out of engagethrough line H6, meeting that in line H! exnent with cutting tool 58 for a return stroke. hausted from chamber 40 as spring 4| returns As a means of providin for hydraulic operapiston 38. From line H5, valve H4 directs it ;ion of a machine embodying my invention, a to line I23 and reservoir Ill. Thus, it is seen mitable prime mover in the form of an electric that on the retraction of carriage 62 and slidable notor 95 is used to operate a double pump, genlooking wedge 13, cutting tool 58 is not locked zrally indicated at 95 (Figure 5). Supported by d y be given th r V rt cal adjustment. .nount 9! at a lower, rear portion of base I, motor Valve H9 may be adjusted manually by shift- 35 drives pump 98 contained (but not shown) in ing lever I24 to an alternate position, preventing Jase I. For smooth, steady reciprocation of work fluid under pressure from entering chamber 40. :arriage 62, one of the pumps indicated at 96 In this event, the fluid is directed through valve supplies"? to a piibt o'perated four wavalv il 0 iii ough' its for passa e 1- to lifis lllli', I89

H9 directly to line I25 and to the reservoir I I I, in which case, the cutting tool 58 is not locked in vertical adjustment on the cutting stroke. Valve II9 may be operated in this manner on finishing strokes when it is often desirable to have the cutting tool 58 always unlocked.

Automatic operation is provided by pilot valve means I26, having levers I21, I28 so disposed. as to be alternately shifted upon engagement by dogs I29, I30 of work carriage 62 as it reciprocates. Pilot valve I26 is employed to govern the direction of flow of pressurized hydraulic fluid simulftaneously through four-way valves 99 and H4. The alternate shifting of levers I21, I28 upon engagement by dogs I29, I30 directs pressurized hydraulic fluid through valve I26 to valves 99 and II for shifting the piston (not shown) in each to alternately direct fluid through said valves 99, H4 in such manner as to reciprocate cylinders 56 and 79 in timed relationship in one direction for a cutting stroke and then to cause their return in an opposite direction with consequent locking and unlocking of cutting tool 58. i

A further control means, valve I3I with manually operated lever I32, is provided to stop the operation at any stage of the cycle, should it be found desirable, and particularly as a precaution ary means for preventing injury to any part in emergency. Start button I33 and stop button I34 are used to control the starting and stopping of electric motor 95.

Formal changes may be made in the specific embodiment of the invention described without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention, the scope of which is commensurate with the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a planing machine, a base, the combination of a rotatably movable work supporting wedge and slidable locking means mounted on a reciprocable work carriage on said base, said slidable locking means having a V-shaped aperture along a side adjacent the work supporting wedge, automatic hydraulic means for reciprocating said work carriage, automatic hydraulic means for ef- 8 fecting independent reciprocation of the slidable locking means in the direction of the work supporting wedge in such manner as to cause said V-aperture to lockingly engage the work supporting wedge as the work carriage is reciprocated for a cutting stroke and to unlock the work supporting wedge on a return stroke.

2. In a planing machine having a base, a reciprocable work carriage mounted thereon, a work support and workpiece holder mounted on a rotatably movable work supporting wedge secured to said work carriage for reciprocation therewith, automatic hydraulic means for causing reciprocation of said work carriage, a slidable locking means mounted upon said work carriage, said slidable locking means having a V-shaped aperture along a side adjacent the work supporting wedge, said V-aperture having one surface sufiiciently long to engage the work supporting wedge when that member is'in unlocked, lowered position, said surface acting as a guide to direct the work supporting wedge into the V-aperture to insure positive locking of said work supporting Wedge as the work carriage is reciprocated for a cutting stroke, and automatic hydraulic means for independently reciprocating the slidable locking means into locking engagement with the work supporting wedge.

JAMES MARTIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

